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Ill admit I use this one alot!!!! One of my favorites
thanks for posting these! very usefull
[color=orange][size=150]See below (bottom of page) for details[/size][/color]
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[color=orange]Ar 68F 'White Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Bernhard Woldenga, Gruppenkommandeur I /JG 131. Jesau. December 1937
Illustrating the simplicity and effectiveness of the Luftwaffe's biplane fighter markings, the white double chevron on the forward fuselage of this Arado indicates that it is the machine of a Gruppenkommandeur. The distinctive black trim on the nose and dorsal spine identifies the unit as JG 131. A combination of geometric symbols and numerals likewise enabled the identity of every other aircraft in the Gruppe to be established at a glance (see photographs in chapter one).
Bf 109D-1 'Black Chevron and Flash' of Gruppenstab l./JG 131. Jesau, September 1938 Depicted at the time of the Munich Crisis, one of I./JG 131's recently delivered Doras provides a good example of the anonymity which descended upon the fighter arm with the advent of the Bf 109- no more coloured trim, just functional drab green overall. Only the Gruppe badge reveals the unit's identity to those in the know. The unusual markings indicate this to be the aircraft officially assigned to the Gruppe's NO (Signals Officer). But as this worthy was an elderly non-flyer, this machine was available to any member of the Gruppenstab as occasion demanded.
Bf 109E-3 'Yellow 7' of 3./JG 27, Miinster-Handorf, October 1939
If a unit did not have an identifying badge, as is the case here, then the cloak of anonymity was near absolute. This could be a machine of almost any 3. Staffel in the opening weeks of the war, were it not for that tell-tale individual number '7'. I./JG 27 applied this numeral in the continental fashion, i.e. with a small horizontal crossbar at mid-height. Note the large underwing crosses worn by many Luftwaffe aircraft after the ground-to-air recognition problems experienced in Poland.
Bf 109E-1 'Red 9' of 2./JG 1, Vorden. December 1939
By the end of 1939 I./JG 1's markings were in a state of transition. 'Red 9' combines a post-Poland enlarged cross underwing with new-style fuselage Balkenkreuz, yet retains the tail swastika centred on the rudder hinge line. But the most obvious innovation is the relocation of the individual aircraft numeral on to the engine cowling. I./JG 1 (the later lll./JG 27) was the only Jagdgruppe to display its numerals in this position. Note also 2. Staffets red spinner trim and short-lived badge (a sword slicing Chamberlain's umbrella in two).
Bf 109E-3 'Black 11' of 5./JG 27, Magdeburg, January 1940
When ll./JG 27 was activated in January 1940 its Emits were delivered in the new high-demarcation hellblau finish, complete with large fuselage cross and repositioned tail swastika. One oddity was that, whereas 4. and 6./JG 27 machines wore regulation white and yellow markings respectively, 5. Slaffel initially opted to display its individual aircraft numbers in outline form only. The unit's red colour coding was restricted to just the horizontal bar (indicating II. Gruppe) on the aft fuselage.
Bf 109E-1 'Red 1' of Oberleutnant Gerd Framm, Staffelkapitan 2./JG 27, Krefeld. February 1940
By early 1940 l./JG 27's aircraft were also wearing the new hellblau camouflage scheme. The aerial mast pennant and diagonal band aft of the fuselage cross proclaim this to be the machine of 2./JG 27's Staffelkapitan. Each of the 12 fighters of this Staffel had the name of a former German colony (lost at the end of World War 1) painted on its engine cowling. Latterly, these names were reduced in size, and supplemented briefly by a Staffel crest, before both gave way to the well known Gruppe badge (see profile 8).
Bf 109E-4 'White 1' of Hauptmann Wilhelm Balthasar, Staffelkapitan l./JG 1, Monchy-Breton, May 1940 Another Staffelkapitan's machine (note aerial mast pennant), this Emit, Wk-Nr 1486, was an early mount of Wilhelm Balthasar. The last of the 11 kill bars painted on the tailfin represented a No 19 Sqn Spitfire brought down near Calais on 26 May 1940. Unlike Gerd Framm (above), who survived the war with ten victories, Balthasar - having risen to Kommodore of JG 2 - would be killed on 3 July 1941, just 24 hours after being awarded the Oak Leaves for his 40th victory.
Bf 109E 'White 10' of 1./JG 27, Charleville, May 1940 Pictured at the height of the Blitzkrieg in the west, 'White 10' sports the new I. Gruppe badge introduced immediately prior to the invasion of the Low Countries and France. Following the colonial theme first introduced by 2. Staffel, it features the heads of a native and a lioness!?), superimposed on a silhouette of Africa. Thought at one time to have been introduced afterthe Gruppe's arrival in Libya, this prescient and apposite choice of unit emblem was in fact made a good 12 months earlierl
Bf 109E 'Yellow 6' of 6./JG 27, Fiennes, September 1940 By the closing stages of the Battle of Britain the previously pristine hellblau flanks of II. Gruppe's Emits had been toned down by applications of camouflage green (anything from a light overspray to dense dapple). This machine also sports the common Channel Front livery of yellow engine cowling and rudder. Note the new Gruppe badge, first introduced in August 1940, featuring the Berlin bear - also the single victory bar on the rudder. This latter could refer to any one of at least four 6. Staffel pilots who claimed their first kill during the Battle.
Bf 109E-7 'White 1' of Oberleutnant Wolfgang Redlich, Staffelkapitan 1./JG 27, Guines, September 1940
Even more heavily dappled than the machine in profile 9, this aircraft sports the Gruppe badge, a Staffelkapitan's diagonal stripe and boasts nine kill bars alongside the tail swastika (Redlich's ninth was a Hurricane downed over London on 9 September). Wk-Nr. 5580 also offers a (very tenuous) link to the one theatre of war in which JG 27 played no part - Scandinavia. On 24 February 1942, long after retirement from l./JG 27, it was being ferried, as 'Yellow 25', to a Jagdgruppe in Norway when Unteroffizier Anton Hunold lost his bearings and landed wheels-up on 3 frozen lake in Sweden!
Bf 109E-7 Black 2' of 5./JG 27, Vrba, March 1941 Many II. Gruppe machines changed their Channel Front markings to those of the Balkan theatre by the simple expedient of adding yellow wingtips and a narrow band around the aft fuselage. But whereas 4. and 6. Staffeln appear to have positioned these bands carefully in the space between the fuselage cross and horizontal bar, 5./JG 27 painted the yellow band directly over the latter. Note also the Staffers continuing practice of combining the fighter's individual black numeral with the red Gruppe bar (see profile 5).
Bf 109E-4/B Yellow 5' of 6./JG 27, Vilna, June 1941
In the month separating II. Gruppe's return from Greece and the invasion of the Soviet Union, groundcrews obviously found time to apply textbook Barbarossa livery of 'bright yellow underwing tips (one-third span) and a broad band aft of the fuselage cross'. This particular machine is fitted with the large ventral pannier carrying 96 SD-2 Splitterbomben. Arranged in 24 rows of 4, the bombs' steel arming cables hung in the airstream like a fringe.
Bf 109E-7 'Yellow V of Oberleutnant Erbo Graf von Kageneck, Staffelkapitan 9./JG 27, Solzy, August 1941 When I./JG 1 became lll./JG 27 in July 1940 it did not introduce a III. Gruppe vertical bar on the aft fuselage as laid down in then current Luftwaffe regulations. Presumably the unit's unique practice of displaying its individual aircraft numbers on the engine cowlings was considered sufficient a recognition/identification aid in itself. The last of the 45 victory bars shown here on the rudder represents a Soviet single-engined fighter, logged as an '1-18' (but probably a MiG-3), shot down near Novgorod on 16 August 1941.
Bf 109E-7/trop 'Black Chevron A' of Oberleutnant Ludwig Franzisket, Gruppen-Adjutant l./JG 27, Ain-el-Gazala, September 1941
Displaying just half the number of kills of the machine above (23, with the last being a Hurricane east of Sidi Barrani on 9 September 1941), 'Ziskus' Franzisket's tropicalised E-7 wears one of the camouflage schemes first introduced during l./JG 27's early months in the desert (most aircraft having arrived in North Africa in standard temperate finish). The prominent yellow markings would slowly disappear, white being the recognition colour applied to all Axis aircraft, both German and Italian, in the Mediterranean theatre.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Black Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Eduard Neumann, Gruppenkommandeur l./JG 27, Ain-el-Gazala, November 1941
When I. Gruppe began to re-equip with Friedrichs at the end of 1941 these too initially displayed large areas of yellow paint on engine cowlings and rudders (although no sign of the latter beneath 'Edu' Neumann's current tally of 11 kills). The white theatre markings were restricted to wingtips and aft fuselage band. This machine does, however, provide a good example of the basic camouflage scheme which would be worn by JG 27's aircraft for the remainder of their desert service - overall tan uppersurfaces and light blue undersides.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Black 9' of 5./JG 27. Ain-el-Gazala, December 1941
II. Gruppe converted to tropicalised Friedrichs while at Doberitz in the autumn of 1941, and prior to its transfer to North Africa. This is one of those original Doberitz machines. The clue? The white theatre band, painted around the rear fuselage after arrival in the Mediterranean, has partly obscured the horizontal II. Gruppe bar which had been applied (along with the individual aircraft number) while the unit was still in Germany.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Black 2' of 8./JG 27, Tmimi, December 1941
Likewise a brand-new arrival in Libya after re-equipment at Doberitz, 'Black 2' of lll./JG 27 shows that this Gruppe chose not to cover up its aft fuselage symbol, but left a gap when subsequently applying the white theatre band. When converting on to the Bf 109F the Gruppe had abandoned its practice of displaying its aircraft numbers on the engine cowling. It was this which now necessitated the use of a Gruppe identity symbol. But rather than use a standard vertical bar, lll./JG 27 opted instead for the 'wavy bar' device dating back to pre-war biplane days.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Yellow 14' of Leutnant Hans-Joachim Marseille, 3./JG 27, Tmimi. May 1942 Undoubtedly the most famous of all desert Friedrichs were the succession of 'Yellow 14s' flown by Hans-Joachim Marseille. He used this particular machine, Wk-Nr. 10059, during the early summer months of 1942 (it would be lost in a mid-air collision near El Alamein in September while being piloted as 'Yellow 12' by Leutnant Friedrich Hoffmann). The last three of the 68 kill bars shown here on the rudder were a trio of Kittyhawks claimed near Tobruk on 31 May. Note that few of Marseille's aircraft wore the I. Gruppe badge.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Red V of Leutnant Hans-Arnold Stahlschmidt, Staffelkapitan 2./JG 27, Quotaifiya. August 1942
Although overshadowed by his close friend Marseille, 'Fifi' Stahlschmidt was another of l./JG 27's highly successful desert Experten. The 48 kill bars adorning the rudder of his 'Red V -all of them victories scored in North Africa - had already won him the Knight's Cross. But his promising career was brought to an end when he was reported missing (in 'Red 4'| south-east of El Alamein on 7 September 1942. Note that this particular Friedrich, unlike the four immediately before it in the colour section, wears the alternative camouflage scheme, with the demarcation line between the uppersurface tan and light blue undersides positioned much lower on the fuselage.
Bf 109F-4/trop 'Yellow 5' of Leutnant Gerhard Mix, 6./JG 27, Quotaifiya, August 1942 At the other end of the scale to Marseille and Stahlschmidt, 6. Staffers Gerhard Mix did not (as far as is known) achieve a single victory before being forced to belly-land behind Allied lines on 14 August 1942. His 'Yellow 5' is included to show the unusual style of fuselage cross with its enlarged black centre field and no outer edging. Although seen on several of JG 27's machines, this was not a unit modification, for similar crosses also appeared on Friedrichsoi neighbouring lll./JG 53. Possibly applied at one of the air depots in Italy, the reason for this deviation from the standard Balkenkreuz remains unknown.
Bf 109G-4/trop 'White 7' of 4./JG 27, Trapani, May 1943
Having left all of its tan-camouflaged machines in North Africa, ll./JG 27's new complement of Gusfavs were delivered in factory standard grey schemes, to which were added the regulation white Mediterranean theatre markings. 'White 7', displaying both Gruppe and Staffel badges, is typical of the aircraft which bore the brunt of the overwater Sicily-Tunisia convoy escort duties during the spring of 1943.
Bf 109G-4/R6 'White 10' of 1./JG 27, Poix, May 1943
Meanwhile, I. Gruppe had returned to north-west France, where, to keep in line with the resident JGs 2 and 26, its new Gustavs were given standard mid-war Channel Front recognition markings of yellow rudders and lower engine cowlings. Note the retention of I./JG 27's 'Afrika'badge, now again as geographically inappropriate as it was when the unit was last in the area during the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940.
Bf 109G-6/trop 'Yellow V of Oberleutnant Dietrich Boesler, Staffelkapitan 12./JG 27, Tanagra, July 1943
When IV./JG 27 was activated in Greece in the spring of 1943, it was unable to use the 'wavy bar' which had by that time become the official marking for IV. Gruppe (lll./JG 27 having already 'appropriated' the said symbol}. The new unit therefore introduced its unique 'double horizontal bar' device depicted here. Note also the distinctive spiral spinner and Staffelkapitan's circular 'pennant' on the aerial mast. Dietrich Boesler scored a single kill - a Spitfire off Kos on 19 September - before himself falling victim to B-17s the following month.
Bf 109G-6/R6 'Red 13' of Feldwebel Heinrich Bartels. 11./JG 27, Kalamaki, November 1943 By the late autumn of 1943, IV. /JG 27's G-6 'gunboats' were wearing regulation 'wavy bar' IV. Gruppe markings, as witness here 'Red 13', the mount of the unit's most successful pilot, Heinrich Bartels. The elaborate rudder decoration, topped by a representation of the Knight's Cross (awarded a year earlier for 45 victories) shows exactly 70 kill bars, the last four a quartet of P-38s claimed near Kalamaki on 17 November. Note the name of Bartels' wife, Marga, below the windscreen. This reportedly featured on every machine he flew.
Bf 109G-6/R6 trop 'White 9' of 7./JG 27, Maleme, December 1943
The reason IV./JG 27 was at last able to sport its 'proper' Gruppe symbol is that lll./JG 27 had been persuaded (for 'persuaded' read ordered?) to discontinue its use of this marking during a recent round of re-equipment. In its place, III. Gruppe's Gustavs now carried a regulation vertical bar aft of the fuselage cross. In addition, 'White 9' wears both Gruppe and Staffel badges, the latter also newly introduced. The all-white tailfin and rudder indicates the machine of a formation leader, possibly that of Staffelkapitan Emil Clade.
Bf 109G-6/R6 'White 4' of 1./JG 27, Fels am Wagram, January 1944
Having transferred from north-west to south-east Europe in the late summer of 1943, it was at Fels am Wagram in January 1944 that I. Gruppe first began to wear the sage-green aft fuselage bands indicating the unit's incorporation into the growing Defence of the Reich organisation. Note, however, that 'White 4' still sports the Gruppe badge, as well as a yellow undercowling and rudder, the latter markings introduced during l./JG 27's earlier seven-month stint in northern Europe.
Bf 109G-6/R6 'White 23' of 1./JG 27, Fels am Wagram. January 1944
For a period at Wels l./JG 27's strength was increased to almost double its normal establishment. This was to enable the Gruppe to perform an additional function - the training of experienced pilots from other units to become formation leaders. Hence the two numerals carried by this 'gunboat'. 'White 23' (the high number a reflection of the unit's increased size) was its Slaffe/identity, 'Black 1' its code for training purposes. The latter has necessitated the removal of the Gruppe badge. But many such identifying emblems were disappearing by this late stage of the war anyway, and soon the famous 'Afrika' motif - worn for nearly four years - would be no more.
Bf 109G-6/R6 'Yellow 8' of 12./JG 27, Skopje, February 1944
After transferring from Greece northwards into Yugoslavia, IV./JG 27 dispensed with the white aft fuselage bands of the Mediterranean theatre. But although now engaged primarily against US heavy bombers attacking south-east Europe, it was not yet officially part of the homeland defence organisation, and so displayed no green identity band either. Note the white spiralled spinner and white rudder, this latter possibly indicating the machine of a Schwarmfuhrer.
Bf 109G-6/R6 'Black 2' of 5./JG 27, Wiesbaden-Erbenheim, February 1944
More surprisingly, perhaps, ll./JG 27, based in central Germany, and therefore in the thick of Defence of the Reich operations, was not yet wearing the Geschwader's sage-green identifying bands either. This heavily-dappled Gusfav does, however, still sport the Gruppe badge. And note the unit's preference for more tightly spiralled spinners. This may have been the machine Leutnant Heinz Schlechter was flying when he rammed a B-17 over the Gruppe's Merzhausen base on 12 May 1944 (the third of his four reported victories).
Bf 109G-6/R6 'Black Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Otto Meyer, Gruppenkommandeur IV./JG 27, Graz-Thalerhof, March 1944
Another of IV. Gruppe's increasingly anonymous machines, Kommandeur Otto Meyer at least ensured that, at unit level, his pilots could instantly recognise their leader - look at the size of those chevrons! Otto Meyer would be reported missing over the Invasion front on 12 July 1944, the victim of either Allied fighters or anti-aircraft fire. 15 of his 21 victories had been scored while serving with JG 27.
Bf 109G-6/R6 trop 'White 3' of Unteroffizier Franz Stadler, 7./JG 27, Maleme, April 1944
The last chapter in JG 27's three-year long association with the Mediterranean theatre was written by 7. Staffel, which was still operating its tropicalised Gusfavsfrom north-western Crete when every other unit of the Geschwader was already engaged in defending the homeland. Unteroffizier Stadler claimed the last of the six SM.84 transports downed north-east of Brindisi on 14 May 1944 (see text). He must therefore be credited with the very last of all the Geschwader's 1740 Mediterranean kills. It was his one and only victory.
Bf 109G-6 White 5' of 7./JG 27, Connantre, June 1944 Little more than a month after its Cretan successes, 7. Staffel rejoined the rest of III. Gruppe and was thrown into action over the Normandy invasion front. In the interim, presumably during the Staffers brief stop-over at Wien (Vienna)-Gotzendorf, it had found time to re-equip with non-tropicalised, late-model Gusravslnote the tall tail), which now bore JG 27's sage-green Defence of the Reich band around the rear fuselage aft of the Gruppe's vertical bar.
Bf 109G-6/AS 'Yellow 2' of 6./JG 27. Fels am Wagram, July 1944
While I., III. and IV. Gruppen were involved over Normandy, ll./JG 27 was down in Austria busy working up on its new G-6/AS high-altitude fighters. These also now wore the Geschwader's green Defence of the Reich band. But note the difference in location of the band between II. Gruppe (immediately aft of the Balkenkreuz) and III. Gruppe (seen in profile 32), and the narrowness of the width of both when compared to l./JG 27's broad rear fuselage markings (profiles 26 and 27). The yellow underwing tip indicates that the pilot of this machine is experienced in blind-flying. The Gruppe's younger pilots were ordered to formate on such aircraft in conditions of poor visibility.
Bf 109G-14 'White 14' of Oberleutnant Ernst-Georg Altnorthoff, Staffelkapitan 13./JG 27. Hustedt, September 1944
Pictured after the depredations of the Normandy campaign, this is one of the 68 brand-new G-14s delivered to IV. Gruppe while resting and re-equipping in northern Germany. Still upholding IVJG 27's seeming preference for anonymity, it is not known whether the Geschwader's identifying sage-green homeland defence bands had been applied to the Gruppe's machines by the time it resumed operations in October. The first eight of Altnorthoff's eleven kills were achieved with IV./JG 27 before the unit's disbandment in March 1945 (and the final three with another unit the following month).
Bf 109G-14/AS 'Blue 11' (Wk-Nr. 785750) of 8./JG 27, Rheine-Hopsten, March 1945
Pictured as hostilities drew towards a close, 'Blue 11' is typical of ll./JG 27's late-war equipment. Note that the sage-green band still abuts directly on to the fuselage cross. Other, more general, features common to late-production Bf 109s are the prominent display of the Werk-Nummer (in this instance, the 'last four' carried above the horizontal Gruppe bar) and the sharply defined dapple of the tail unit.
Bf 109K-4 'Red 18' of 2./JG 27, Bad Aibling, April 1945 Reconstructed from photographs of wreckage, this depiction of 2. Staffers 'Red 18' is representative of l./JG 27's machines in the closing weeks of the war. Note that this Gruppe's broad aft fuselage band was also apparently retained until the very end.
Bf 109K-4 Blue 7' of 12./JG 27, Prague-Kbely. April 1945
By contrast, this K-4 of III. Gruppe, sporting another typical late-war camouflage scheme, indicates that the application of lll./JG 27's Defence of the Reich bands had undergone a minor change. They were now broader than before (although still not quite of l./JG 27 dimensions), with the Gruppe's vertical bar superimposed.
Gotha Go 145A SM+NQ' of Stab JG 27. Cherbourg, August 1940
Like every other Jagdgeschwader, JG 27 had its complement of station 'hacks' and general runabouts. This Gotha biplane, assigned directly to the Geschwaderstab, did not last long, however. Engaged on a mail run from the Channel Islands back to Strasbourg on 28 August 1940 - the height of the Battle of Britain, and the day of the Slab's transfer from Cherbourg to Guines - pilot Unteroffizier Leonhard Buckle lost his bearings and landed inadvertently, and intact, on Lewes racecourse in Sussex. As the RAF's BV207, Gotha Wk-Nr. 1115 went on to perform sterling service 'under new management'!
Bf 108B TI+EY' of l./JG 27. Graz-Thalerhof, April 1941 A much more luxurious 'bird', with enclosed cabin for pilot and three passengers, this immaculate Taifun allowed Hauptmann Eduard Neumann and his Gruppenstab l./JG 27 to travel in some style. They were soon to be deprived of its comforts, however, for 'TI+EY' reportedly remained behind when the Gruppe's Emits left for Africa later that same month. Sister ship TI+EN' of the Geschwaderstab did make it across the Mediterranean, only to be blown up during the retreat from El Alamein in November 1942.
Fi 156C-3 'DO+AI' of Stab JG 27, Quotaifiya, July 1942
Another Geschwaderstab runabout to make it to Africa was this tan-camouflaged Storch, complete with Mediterranean theatre markings and Oberstleutnant Woldenga's recently introduced Geschwader badge. Hardly in the 'luxury' class, Fi 156 Wk-Nr. 5407 was a true maid-of-all-work, not only undertaking vital communications and liaison duties, but also retrieving downed pilots from the tractless wastes of the Libyan and Egyptian deserts. Her career was brought to an end by an Allied bombing raid on Quotaifiya on 8 August 1942.[/color]
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[color=orange]Bf 109F-4 (Wk-Nr 7059) 'White Double Chevron' of Major Dr Erich Mix, GruppenkommandeurI./JG 1, Bergen aan Zee, Summer 1941
World War 1 veteran Dr Erich Mix had already served as Gruppen-TO(Technical Officer) of l./JG 53 and Gruppenkommandeur of 111 ./JG 2 during the opening months of Word War 2 before assuming command of the embryonic l./JG 1 in the summer of 1941 -although, strictly speaking, he was not officially appointed Kommandeur until the Gruppe reached full establishment in September 1941 References are at odds as to his score in both wars, one of the more recent sources crediting him with two in World War 1 and three in World War 2. If this is the case, then the four bars marked here on the rudder of his Friedrich presumably include the two from the earlier conflict. In August 1942 Oberstleutnant Dr Erich Mix became Geschwaderkommodore of JG 1, before assuming staff duties as Jafu Bretagne (Fighter Leader Brittany) the following April.
Bf 109G-6 'White Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Friedrich Eberle, Gruppenkommandeur III./JG 1, Leeuwarden, October 1943
Far less pristine is this later Kommandeur's machine, which shows signs of much wear and tear, together wilh a considerable amount of overpaintmg. The chevrons, overlarge in comparison to those featured on the previous aircraft, are also slightly off the horizontal axis, giving thorn a distinctly asymmetrical appearance Other marking points of interest are the white tail surfaces of a formation leader, absence of a vertical III. Giuppe bar behind the fuselage cross, and closely spiralled spinner - the two latter points were typical of lll./JG 1 at this period (1942 43) Note also the Erla cockpit canopy (in unusual conjunction with a tall aerial mast) and underwmg cannon gondola. In April 1944, with 18 kills to his credit, Eberle left lll./JG 1 for other duties. Assuming command of the newly activated lll./JG 4 three months later, he survived the war with 33 kills (24 in the west, including one 'heavy')
Bf 109F-4 (Wk-Nr 7558) 'Black Chevron and Bars' of Major Walter Oesau, Geschwaderkommodore JG 2 'Richthofen', St Pol, Autumn 1941
Oesau had been credited with 125 kills (including eight with the Condor Legion) before his death in action on 11 May 1944. This is one of two Bf 109Fs kept at readiness tor him during his time as Kommodoreoi JG ?. The markings of both, although differing slightly, were based on the prewar pattern carried by biplane fighters - as were those of his entire Stabsschwarm.
Bf 109F-4 'Black Chevron and Crossed Bar(s)' of Oberleutnant Erich Leie Geschwader-Adjutant JG 2 'Richthofen', St Pol, Autumn 1941
As second-in-command to the Geschwaderkommodore, a prewar adjutant's markings had then consisted of the same horizontal bars on either side of the fuselage cross, but minus the chevron. Erich Leie's machine sports these bars, but to them he has added a regulation set of wartime Geschwader-Adjutant symbols (a chevron and vertical bar) to produce the unique combination depicted here. Like the majority of those serving with the Stabsschwarm at this time, Leie subsequently converted to the Fw 190, but reverted to Bf 109s upon assuming command of JG 77 at the end of 1944, He was killed in a midair collision with a Soviet Yak-9 on 7 March 194b, his final score standing at 118 (43 in the west, including one 'heavy').
Bf 109F-4 'Black Bars and Dot' of Oberleutnant Rudolf Pflanz, Geschwader-TO, JG 2 'Richthofen', St Pol, Autumn 1941
The third member of a prewar biplane Stabskette also displayed two bars either side of the fuselage cross, but with a small rectangular dot above the leading bar As the third man in Oesau's Stabsschwarm, Pflanz opted for the same, obviously deciding not to complicate matters further and eschewing a Technical Officer's wartime symbols of chevron, vertical bar and circle - although he did elect to keep a scoreboard on his rudder. One of the most successful Channel front pilots of this period, 'Rudi' Pflanz was appointed Staffelkapitan of 1 ./JG 2 in May 1942. He had amassed 52 victories (all in the west, including six on 23 July 1941) by the time he was killed in a dogfight with Spitfires near Abbeville on 31 July 1942.
Bf 109F-2 (Wk-Nr 5749) 'White Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Hans Hahn, GruppenkommandeurIII./JG 2 'Richthofen', St Pol, Summer 1941
A textbook set of command markings for the ebullient Hans 'Assi' Hahn, Kommandeuroi lll./JG 2, plus the 'rooster's head' Gruppe badge, which was a wordplay on his own name (Hahn meaning 'cockerel' in German). Note, too, the Geschwader emblem (soon to disappear from operational aircraft) below the windscreen, and the Gruppenstab's use of a narrow 'wraparound' band in place of a more usual III. Gruppe vertical bar on the aft fuselage. A further 37 western victories (including four 'heavies') would be added to the 31 depicted here by the time 'Assi' Hahn departed for the Eastern front, and command of ll./JG 54. Forty Soviet victims took his final tally to 108 before engine damage forced him down behind enemy lines.
Bf 109F-4 (Wk-Nr 7650) 'Yellow 9' of Oberleutnant Erich Rudorffer, Staffelkapitan 6.1JG 2 'Richthofen', Abbeville, Winter 1941-42
Rudorffer's Friednch provides an example of the less common 71/02 upper surface camouflage colours of this period. Note also the discrepancy between the engine cowling and the finish of the rest of the fuselage. Such differences were the result of either using a replacement part, or removing the cowling for the sake ol convenience when repainting/recamouf lagmcj became necessary. Erich Rudorffer would score 74 kills as a member of JG 2, including 27 during II Grippe's deployment to 1 unisia on the Fw 190 I ike 'Assi' Hahn, he too subsequently commanded II./JG 54 on the Eastern front, where he added another 136 victories. He ended the war as Kommand&uroi II./JG7, claiming 12 kills on the Me 262 to take his final tally to an amazing 2221
Bf 109F-2 (Wk-Nr 6720) 'White V of Oberleutnant Egon Mayer, Staffelkapitan 7./JG 2 'Richthofen', St Pol, Summer 1941
Unlike Erich Rudorffer. Egon Mayer would remain with JG 2 throughout his entire operational career, from joining in December 1939 until his death in action (as Kommodore) in March 1944. Although a slow starter (it look Mayer 20 months to achieve the first 20 of the 23 kills depicted here), he became the first pilot to score 100 victories on the Western front. His linal total of 102 included 25 four engmed bombers, but the majority of these successes were claimed after conversion to the Fw 190. As well as displaying its pilot's current score, this early Friednch also proclaims Mayer's position as Staffelkapilan by the metal pennant (bearing the Staffel emblem) 'flying' from the aerial mast.
Bf 109F-4/B (Wk-Nr 7629) 'Blue 1 Chevron and Bar' of Oberleutnant Frank Liesendahl, Staffelkapitan 10.(Jabo)/JG 2 'Richthofen', Beamont-le-Roger, April 1942
An Expeite of a different kind was Frank Liesendahl, Kapitanof JG 2's highly successful fighter-bomber Staffel. Liesendahl's own score has been meticulously recorded on the aircraft's rudder-the silhouettes of six freighters, totalling 27,500 BRT, sunk or damaged in the Channel between May 1941 and March 1942. I his rudder was transferred from an earlier 'Blue 1' (F-2 Wk-Nr 12672) when the Sfa/fe/re-equipped. Note 10.(Jabo)/JG 2's tactical marking - a blue chevron and horizontal bar. The Friedrichsoi neighbouring 10(Jabo)/JG 26 displayed a white bomb in this position. Hauptmann Liesendahl was shot down while attacking a freighter off Brixham on 17 July 1942. He was awarded a posthumous Knight's Cross.
Bf 109G-1 (Wk-Nr 14063) 'White 1V of Oberleutnant Julius Meimberg. Staffelkapitan 11.1 JG 2 'Richthofen', Poix, Summer 1942
In mid-May 1942 1 ./JG 7 was sub-divided to form a new, specialised high-altitude Staffel'{11 ./JG 2), equipped with pressurised Bf 109G-1 s. Here, the external distinguishing features of this model can just be made out - the small inlet scoop for the air compressor above the supercharger intake, and the silica gel pellets inserted between the double -glazed cockpit panels to prevent condensation, Not visible is the vertical head armour behind the pilot, which acted as the cockpit's rear pressure bulkhead) 'Jule' Meimberg claimed 23 kills with JG 2 before leading his Siffff<a North Africa, where it was assimi-lated into ll./JG SB He lose to command this Gruppe for the last year of the war, adding 30 more kills to his score - his 53rd, and final, victim was a Spitfire downed on 13 April 1945.
Bf 109F-2 (Wk-Nr 8117) 'White Triple Chevron' of Major Giinther Lutzow, Geschwaderkommodore JG 3, Auchy-au-Bois, May 1941
This otherwise standard I 2 displays the unusual, but not unique, 'triple chevron' Kommodore markings which 'Franzl' Lutzow had first employed (albeit in black) on an earlier Emit towards the close of the Battle of Britain, In August 1942, after two years at the head of JG 3 - during which time his score had risen from 11 to 103 (all but eight achieved in the east) Lutzow embarked upon a series of staff appointments. He returned to combat in the closing stages of the war, joining the 'disgraced' Galland's Mo 262-equipped JV 44. Oberst Giinther Lutzow was reported missing in action on 24 April 1945.
Bf 109G-10/AS 'Black Double Chevron' of Oberleutnant Alfred Seidl, Gruppenkommandeur l./JG 3 'Udet', Paderborn, December 1944
A late model Gustav- typilied by clean cowling lines, Erla canopy, tall tail and lengthened tailwheel leg bearing a wealth of markings l-rom front to rear: spiral spinner, Geschwader badge, Kommandeur's chevrons, fuselage Balkenkreuz and JG 3's white Defence of the Reich band. The small '8' below the cockpit is Seidl's personal marking, a momento of his earlier service with lll./JG 53. where he always flew aircraft No '8' Unusually, the machine does not carry underwing crosses Seidl did not add to the 31 kills he had scored with JG 53 during his three months as Kommandeurot l./JG 3, nor during the final weeks of the war flying the Me 262 with JG 7.
Bf 109G-6 (Wk-Nr 26058) Double Chevron' of Major Kurt Brandie, Gruppenkommandeur ll./JG 3 'Udet', Schiphol, October 1943
More obviously a Gustav. with the distinctive cowling 'Beul&n' (bulges) which covered the spent casing chutes of the G-6's heavier MG 131 luselage machine guns, this machine wears a dense dapple camouflage. In addition to the white rudder of a formation leader, points of interest include the Geschwade''s 'Winged U' badge, which is shown reversed (as carried by many II /JG 3 aircraft of this period), and the outline-only command chevrons and II. G/uppv horizontal bar Although sometimes seen on earlier hellblaii-sided Emils, this style of marking was not common later in the war Another ex-member of JG 53. all but 25 of Brandle's final tally of 180 kills had been scored in the east. He lost his life in this aircraft on 3 November 1943.
Bf 109G-6 'Double Chevron 1' of Hauptmann Walther Dahl, Gruppenkommandeur III.I'JG 3 'Udet', Bad Worishofen, September 1943 Another white-ruddered Kommandeur's machine, tins time with the Geschwaderbadge pointing in the right direction] Note, however, that whereas ihe command chevrons are edged in white, the III. Gruppe vertical bar att of the fuselage cross is plain black, as was customary for all III./JG 3 aircraft at this time. Although better known as an Fw 190 Sturm Experts, over half of Walther Dahl's final total of 128 kills were scored on the Bf 109, including at least 17 of the 36 heavy bombers he claimed. After serving as Kommodoreoi JG 300, Obersl Dahl was appointed Inspekteur der Tag/agei (Inspector of Day Fighters) on 26 January 1945
Bf 109G-6/AS (Wk-Nr 412179) 'Black 14' of Unteroffizier Horst Petzschler, 2./JG 3 'Udet', Burg bei Madgeburg, May 1944
Included to illustrate the overall light blue-grey (Rl M /
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[color=orange]Bf 109E-3 'Black Chevron and Bars' of Oberstleutnant Carl Schumacher, Geschwaderkommodore JG 1. Jever, Spring 1940
Although not an ace in the strictest sense, Schumacher's pivotal role in early Bf 109 operations in north Germany warrants the inclusion of one of the aircraft he flew. This pristine Emil bears perfectly standard camouflage and regulation Kommodore's tactical markings of the period. Note, however, that although the early style Stab JG 1 badge is carried below the windscreen, there is no indication of Schumacher's two land onlyl kills to date - his No 37 Sgn Wellington IA of 18 December 1939 and the No 107 Sqn Blenheim IV claimed nine days later.
Bf 109E-4 (Wk-Nr 14861 White V of Hauptmann Wilhelm Balthasar, Staffelkapitan oi 1./JG I.Monchy-Breton. May 1940
Despite wearing a similar finish to the machine above, the l./JG 1 of 1939-40 bore no relationship to Schumacher's Stab JG 1. It was instead a hitherto autonomous East Prussian Gruppe which, after the Battle of France, would be redesignated 11 l./JG 27 (witness the Gruppe badge beneath the cockpit and the unit's near unique practice of displaying its individual numerals on the engine cowlingl. Balthasar's aircraft is further identified by the Staffelkapitan's metal pennant on the aerial mast and the 11 victory bars on the tailf in, the last two being Spitfires (probably of No 19 Sqn) over Calais on 26 May.
Bf 109E-4 (Wk-Nr 5344I Black Double Chevron' of Hauptmann Helmut Wick, Gruppenkommandeur of l./JG 2 'Richthofen', Beaumont-le-Roger, October 1940
Depicted midway in its evolution from 'Yellow 2' to full Kommodore's markings (see photos on pages 84/85 and cover), it is hard to believe that Wk-Nr 5344 too must have looked very similar to the two previous profiles before it received its coat of very close dapple overall. Note also the 'toning down' of the fuselage cross by reducing the white areas, and the pale yellow cowling (thin yellow wash over white). Certain inconsistencies in the presentation and grouping of the victory bars point to 5344's having had a number of replacement rudders during its career. The 'Richthofen' Gesch-wader badge is carried beneath the windscreen, while that on the cowling (long thought to be Wick's personal emblem) is the insignia of 3./JG 2, designed some time earlier by a Slaffel member who chose the colours blue and yellow in honour of the then Kapitan Hennig Strumpell's Swedish ancestry.
Bf 109E 'Chevron-Triangle' of Major Dr Erich Mix, Gruppenkommandeur lll./JG 2 'Richthofen, France, May 1940
This Emit offers an example of the 'outline only' style of rank and Gruppe markings to be seen on some Bf 109s in the early summer of 1940. Dr Mix's three World War 1 victories did not qualify him for acedom in that particular conflict, so he finished the job in the second by adding thirteen more, the first two being marked here on the rudder of the machine he force-landed behind the French lines near Royeon 21 May. After subsequent service as Kommodore of JG 1 (1942-43), he became Jalu Bretagne (Fighter Leader Britanny).
Bf 109E-4 'White V of Oberleutnant Werner Machold, Staffelkapitan 7./JG 2 'Richthofen', Le Havre, September 1940
Machold's machine displays a certain amount of overspraying, not to say downright wear and tear, as the Battle of Britain nears its end. The 26 victory markings on the rudder dales it as late September. Note the more usual 'solid' numeral and Gruppe wavy bar (compared to the machine above), and aiso Gesch wader and Staff el badges, the latter-a 'Thumb pressing a top hat' - being a co-design of Leutnant Schmidt and Oberfeldwebel Klee. Machold (pictured on the back cover wearing the Knight's Cross) claimed six more kills before force-landing in Dorset after damage sustained attacking a Channel convoy on 9 June 1941.
Bf 109E-4 (Wk-Ni 1559) 'Green V of Hauptmann Wilhelm Balthassr. GruppenkommandeurW./JG 3, Desvres, August 1940
When promoted from Kapilanot 7./JG 27 (the ex-1 ,/JG 1, see profile 2) to Gruppenkommandeurof III./JG 3 late in August, Balthasar took with him the Emit he had last been flying in his old Staffel, and on which he had gained many of his French campaign victories. This explains the odd duplication of markings, for he initially retained the III./JG 27 badge forward of the windscreen and the 'White 1' earned on the cowling. Over the latter he superimposed III./JG 3's 'Battle axe' badge, and also added a green tip to the spinner (green being the colour for Stab aircraft) plus, more unusually, opted for a green 'V -and III. Gruppe vertical bar- rather than for regulation Kommandeur's chevrons.
Bf 109E-4 (Wk-Nr 14801 Black Chevron' of Oberleutnant Franz von Werra, Gruppen-Adjutant II./JG 3, Samer, August 1940
Von Werra's aircraft carries the other standard, but fractionally less common. Battle of Britain tactical recognition markings of white cowling and rudder, together with regulation Ad/utant's chevron, 111. Gruppe Badge and horizontal bar. The only sign of individuality is provided by the 13 kill symbols (8 aerial victories, 5 destroyed on the ground) displayed on both sides of the tail-fin (see photo on page 76). After his epic escape from Canada, and return to Germany via the USA, von Werra resumed combat flying as Gruppenkommandeurof l./JG 53 on the eastern front, where he achieved a further 13 victories in just three weeks. This Gruppe was then withdrawn for re-equipment with Bf 109Fs, and it was while flying a Friedrich that von Werra was killed after suffering engine failure off the Dutch coast on 25 October 1941.
Bf 109E-4 'Black Chevron and Triangle' of Hauptmann Hans von Hahn, Gruppenkommandeurl/JG 3, Colombert. August 1940
Compared to the previous machine, 'Vadder' von Hahn's E-4 may almost be described as 'exuberant', with its yellow cowling and rudder, multi-coloured spinner, \.Gruppe 'Tatzelwurm' ('Dragon') emblem in Stab green and the pilots personal 'cockerel' badge. Most interesting, however, is the treatment of the Gruppenkommandeur's insignia, von Hahn choosing to enlarge the small inner triangle and present it as a separate marking aft of the main chevron. Von Hahn oversaw l./JG 3's redesignation into ll./JG 1 early in 1942. before undertaking a series of staff appointments. He ended the war with 34 victories as Jafu Oberitalien (Fighter Leader Upper Italy).
Bf 109E-4 'Black Chevron-Triangle and Bar' of Hauptmann Hannes Trautloft. Gruppenkommandeurl./JG 20, Bonninghardt, March 1940
Displaying a transitionary fuselage cross (ie, of the smaller prewar size but in the new proportions with wider bordersl and a tail Swastika still centered on the rudder hinge line, Trautloft's
I thought it might be cool to keep a count on the amount of profiles with data we have so far !
Current amount of colour profiles with data = 750 (apprx) !
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[color=orange]P-61A-1 42-5524 "Midnight Mickey", crewed by 2Lt Myrle McCumber, R/O Fit Off Daniel Hinz and Gunner Pvt Peter Dutkanicz, 6th NFS, Saipan, mid-1944
This aircraft was one of the first production A-models delivered by Northrop, as denoted by its olive drab paint scheme. Its assigned crew were credited with two confirmed kills (both 'Bettys') whilst flying this aircraft. The lower radome of this aircraft has been liberally covered with grey lead paint in order to reduce the levels of ground clutter picked up by its radar - virtually all early P-61A-1s were so decorated. The darker shade of green on the aircraft's rudders was caused by the olive drab fading more slowly on the control surfaces.
P-61A-1 44-5526 NIGHTIE MISSION, 6th NFS, Saipan, mid-1944
This aircraft was one of the most elaborately painted P-61 As to see service in any theatre, its artwork being applied by Gunner Sgt L F Miozzi. Amongst the handful of olive drab aircraft delivered to the 6th NFS, it too boasted the grey strip on the base of its radome.
P-61A-1 44-5528 "Jap Batty", crewed by ILt Francis Eaton, R/O 2Lt James Ketchum and Gunner S/Sgt William Anderson, 6th NFS, Saipan, November 1944
This early P-61A-1 was turned over to the 6th NFS at John Rogers Field, Hawaii, in May 1944, the aircraft having been the penultimate A-1 built in a production run that totalled just 45 airframes.
P-61 A-1 44-5527 MOONHAPPY, crewed by 2Lt Dale 'Hap' Haberman, R/O Lt Raymond Mooney and Gunner Pvt Pat Farelly, 6th NFS, Saipan, late 1944
This P-61 was the top 'killer' of the 6th NFS, its crew claiming four confirmed victories. Like the previous aircraft featured on this page, 42-5527 was part of the 45-strong A-1 production run. Its artwork was again by Sgt LeRoy Miozzi.
P-61 A-5 42-5554 THE VIRGIN WIDOW, crewed by 2Lt Robert Ferguson, R/O 2Lt Charles Ward and Gunner Sgt LeRoy Miozzi, 6th NFS, Saipan, late December 1944
This aircraft was one of the first all-black P-61s used by the 6th NFS, its serial indicating that it was a P-61A-5 -part of the second production series to come off the line, there were 35 'Dash 5s' produced. The dorsal turret was deleted during early P-61 production due to both buffeting problems caused when it was rotated in flight and the need for turrets to equip new-build B-29s. Units in the Pacific nevertheless mounted four fixed forward-firing .50 cal machine guns on a frame above the fuselage and faired them over with the standard turret covering, resulting in an arrangement identical to that fitted to earlier turret-equipped models. Miozzi painted through the word VIRGIN and the cluster of cherries to the let of the nose art following the aircraft's 'Betty' kill on the night of 26 December 1944.
P-61A-1 42-5502 "Skippy", crewed by 2Lt David Corts and R/O Lt Alexander Berg, 421st NFS, Tacloban Strip, Leyte, late 1944
This crew/aircraft combination was credited with the 421st NFS's first kill - and they didn't even have to fire a shot!
P-61A-5 42-5543 TENNESSEE "RIDGE RUNNER", crewed by Lt John W Anderson and R/O Lt James W Mogan, 422nd NFS, Chateaudun, France, Autumn 1944
This aircraft was named by its pilot, John W Anderson, who hailed from the mountains east of Tennessee. He teamed up with Mogan to shoot down two Ju 88s on the nights of 24 and 25 December 1944. Note the addition of de-icing boots on the fin and wing leading edges, plus the lack of invasion stripes - nightfighters were specifically exempt from wearing these high-visibility markings.
P-61A-5 42-5534 "SHOO-SHOO-BABY", crewed by Lt Robert O Elmore and R/O Lt Leonard F Mapes, 422nd NFS, Chateaudun, France, Autumn 1944
This particular P-61A-5 was one of the most successful nocturnal hunters in western Europe, its crew using it to score four confirmed kills over manned German aircraft -its tally included one Bf 110, one Ju 88, two Ju 52s and a VI. This aircraft was later resprayed in overall gloss black, as shown in the nose art gallery.
P-61 A-10 42-5598 "SLEEPY TIME GAL" II, crewed by Lt Ernest R Thomas and R/O 2Lt John P Acre, 6th NFS, Saipan, early 1945
This aircraft was one of the earliest P-61A-10s issued to the 6th NFS, Northrop manufacturing 100 A-model 'Dash 10s'. Its assigned crew contributed two confirmed kills to the total of 16 scored by the 6th during its time with the P-61. Most Black Widow units boasted an aircraft christened 'Sleepy Time Gal'.
P-61 A-5 42-5544 "Lady GEN", crewed by Lt Paul A Smith and R/O Lt Robert Tierney, 422nd NFS, Florennes, Belgium, late December 1944
The 'Dash 5s' were the first P-61s to reach both the 422nd and 425th NFSs, swiftly followed by 'Dash 10s'. It was the earlier model aircraft, however, that scored the bulk of the aerial kills in the ETO, the crew of this aircraft, for example, becoming aces. Of the four crews to achieve 'acedom' in the Black Widow, three hailed from the 422nd. This profile at last accurately shows "Lady GEN" in the olive drab scheme that it wore into 1945.
P-61B-6 42-39514 HEL'N BACK. 416th NFS, Horsching, Austria, June 1945
Some 47 B-model 'Dash 6s' were built, most, if not all of them being issued to NFSs in the MTO. This aircraft was assigned to the 416th NFS as a replacement for the unit's Mosquitos, although the first P-61s did not arrive until the final weeks of the war. Like the P-61A-1,the B-2, -6 and-11 models had outer wing pylons which enabled them to carry either external tanks or bombs. The B-10 introduced an extra pylon under each wing inboard of the engines, this modification being performed in the field.
P-61B-1 42-39417 THE GREAT SPECKLED BIRD, crewed by Squadron Maintenance Officer Lt Dick Hoover and Senior Squadron R/O Lt Earl R Dickey, 416th NFS, Horsching, Austria. June 1945
This colourful aircraft was assigned to the 416th NFS soon after VE-Day, the unit replacing its Mosquito NF 30s with new P-61B-1s (of which just 62 were built). It would perform most of its flying out of Horsching airfield during the early months of the Allied Occupation of Europe.
P-61B-15 42-39606 "LI'L ABNER", crewed by Lt Alvin G Moore and R/O Lt Juan D Lujan, 415th NFS, St Dizier, France, March 1945
This aircraft served with two units in a very short space of time, initially being issued to the 415th NFS in March 1945, before transferring to the 417th NFS after VE-Day. The B-15 saw the reintroduction of the Type A-4 turret.
P-61A-10 42-5565 "DOUBLE TROUBLE", crewed by 2Lt Robert G Bolinder and R/O Fit Off Robert F Graham, 422nd NFS, Etain, France, late 1944
This aircraft was one of the first of 100 P-61 A-10s to come off the assembly line.
P-61A-5 42-5564 JUKIN" Judy of Lt Eugene Lee and R/O Lt Donald Doyle, 422nd NFS, Etain, France, late 1944
Assigned to the 422nd NFS when the unit was based at Scorton, in England, this P-61A-5 was the 35th, and final, 'Dash 5' to come off the Northrop line in California. Most early A-5s boasted turrets and were issued to units in the Pacific.
P-61B-6 42-39533 Markey/HADE'S LADY, 417th NFS, Giebelstadt and Braunschardt, Germany, June 1945
The 417th NFS remained equipped with Beaufighter Vl/Vllls until war's end, when they were replaced by P-61 B-6s. The unit's Black Widows were employed flying mundane patrols over occupied Germany for much of the summer of 1945. This particular aircraft was one of two bought for the USAAF by Northrop workers, one of whom selected the name HADE'S LADY.
P-61B-15 42-39672 "Little Audrey", 422nd NFS, Etain, France, late 1944
This P-61B-15 was one of the few attrition replacements that actually made it to the 422nd NFS following the unit's movement closer to the frontline in France. "Little Audrey" was also unusual in that it had additional nose art - most P-61s within the squadron boasted names only.
P-61A-10 42-5591 "Impatient WIDOW", 422nd NFS, Etain, France, late 1944
This P-61 was part of the second batch of Black Widows sent to join the 422nd NFS in England soon after the invasion of Normandy. It was later severely damaged in clash with a German nightfighter over France, losing its right engine. In the resulting emergency landing the P-61's nose gear collapsed, putting the aircraft out of service for several days.
P-61 A-10 42-5573 "Lovely Lady", flown by Lt Donald Show, 422nd NFS, Etain, France, late 1944
The eighth 'Dash 10' to come off the assembly line, this aircraft, like most other P-61s in this batch, was sent to the ETO (the 422nd or 425th primarily). "Lovely Lady" finished the war with two kills to its credit.
P-61 B-1 42-39450, crewed by Lt Phil Hans, R/O Lt 'Doc' Holloway and Gunner Sgt Don Clancy, 419th NFS, Zamboanga, Mindanao Island, the Philippines, early 1945
The 419th NFS adopted a more conservative approach to nose art that its contemporaries, restricting personal embellishments to names only. This P-61B-1 was the exception to that rule, however.
P-61 A-10 42-5580 WABASH CANNON-BALL IV, crewed by Squadron Commanding Officer Lt Col Leon G 'Gilly' Lewis and Senior Squadron R/O Lt Karl W Soukikian, 425th NFS, Coloummiers, France, Autumn 1944
This P-61A-10 was claimed by 425th NFS CO Maj Leon 'Gilly' Lewis as his personal mount soon after its arrival in England in late June 1944.
P-61A-10 42-5576 SLEEPY TIME GAL, 425th NFS, Coloummiers, France, Autumn 1944
As with the other 'Dash 5s and 10s' delivered to the 425th NFS in the wake of Operation Overlord, this aircraft wears full invasion stripes on its wings and beneath its tail booms.
P-61A-10 42-5569 TABITHA. crewed by Lt Bruce Heflin and R/O Fit Off William B Broach, 425th NFS, Vannes, France, October 1944
This aircraft had arguably the best nose art of any 425th NFS P-61, and as a result it became the most photographed Black Widow in the unit. Sadly, it was lost in action with its crew on 24 October 1944.
P-61 A-10 42-5615 'Higet By", crewed by Capt John J Wilfong and R/O 2Lt Glenn E Ashley, 426th NFS. Kunming, China, November 1944
This 'Dash 10'scored a kill on 21 November 1944-one of five claimed during the 426th NFS's most successful night of the war.
P-61 A-10 42-5619 SATAN 13, crewed by Capt John Pemberton, R/O Fit Off C W Phillips and Engineer P D Curran. 426th NFS, Kunming, China, late 1944
This aircraft was just one of many A-models completed without a top turret. The oval housing on the spine of the aircraft contained the ADF aerial, this radio directional finding equipment being unique to P-61s in the Pacific and CBI. ADF proved to be critical in both theatres, as crews would often return from long patrols with little fuel reserves and needing precision guidance back to base.
P-61 A-10 42-5616 Merry-Widow, crewed by Capt Robert R Scott and R/O Fit Off Charles W Phillips, 426th NFS, Kunming, China, late October 1944
This P-61A-10 gained the distinction of being the first Black Widow to down an enemy aircraft, its crew claiming a 'Lily' on 29 October 1944.
P-61B-1 42-39440 Swing Shift Skipper, crewed by 1Lt Arthur D Bourque and R/O 2Lt Bonnie B Rucks, 547th NFS, Lingayen, Luzon, the Philippines, February 1945
This aircraft was the leading scorer for the 547th NFS during its Black Widow era, its crew claiming two 'Betty' bombers destroyed.
P-61A-10 42-39365 Black-jack, flown by 1Lt Glen E Jackson, 426th NFS, Chengtu, China, late 1944
This unit received ADF-equipped P-61s while still at Madhaiganj, in India, the first aircraft arriving on 25 September 1944. After establishing its HQ at Chengtu, the 426th operated two/three-aircraft dets from Hsian, Kunming, Liangshan and Ankang.
P-61A-5 42-5547 "BORROWED TIME", crewed by ILt Herman Ernst and Ft/0 2Lt Edward Kopsel, 422nd NFS, Ford, England, July 1944
One of the few Black Widows to achieve 'acedom', this aircraft was used by its crew to down five manned aircraft and one VI. For a very brief period just prior to it being written off in an accident, "BORROWED TIME" wore shark's teeth painted onto an all-yellow nose - it nose wheel door was also adorned with a Varga pin-up girl.
P-61A-11 42-5610 MiDNiTE MADNESS of Capt James W Bradford, R/O Lt Larry Lunt and Gunner M/Sgt Reno Sukow, 548th NFS, Iwo Jima, 4/45
The 548th NFS took great pride in the abilities of its artist, and his creations rivalled those of the 6th NFS. The artwork seen here on MiDNiTE MADNESS was actually painted on two different P-61s, as this machine (the first 'MADNESS) was destroyed on Iwo Jima in a landing accident caused by heavy ground fog - using the same stencil, the artist did, however, employ different colours on P-61 B-1 42-39404 MiDNiTE MADNESS II.
P-61B-2 42-39428 OUR PANTHER, crewed by 2Lt Fred M Kuykendall, R/O Fit Off Charles H Rouse and Gunner Cpl George Bancroft, 548th NFS, le Shima, Spring 1945
One of 38 'Dash 2s' built, this aircraft was amongst the first batch of replacement P-61s to reach the 548th NFS. Its artwork was worn on both sides of the nose, and had been applied using a stencil.
P-61B-2 42-39408 Lady in the Dark, crewed by Capt Sol Solomon and R/O Lt John Scheerer, 548th NFS, Iwo Jima, Spring 1945
Arguably the most famous P-61 of them all, this aircraft was initially flown by pilot Capt Solomon and R/O Lt Scheerer. However, by this late stage of the war there were an excess of aircrews, so P-61s were flown by numerous individuals. For example, Lt Robert W Clyde and R/O Lt Bruce K LeFord flew 'Lady on a mission performed on the last night of the war, locking on to a Japanese 'Oscar' and chasing it down to wave-top level. The enemy aircraft duly hit the water and exploded before a shot was fired, leading some historians to state that this might have been the last aerial kill of World War 2.
P-61B-6 42-39525 night TAKE-OFF, 548th NFS, Iwo Jima, Spring 1945
This P-61B-6 was part of the second major shipment of replacement aircraft sent to the Pacific, most of which were assigned to the 549th NFS, rather than the 548th.
P-61B-2 42-39454 Cooper's Snooper of ILt George C Cooper, 548th NFS, Iwo Jima, Spring 1945
This P-61 was adorned with nose art painted by the same artist that had decorated 42-39525.
P-61B-1 42-39405 Victory Model/"ANONYMOUS" Ill/The SPOOK, crewed by Lt Melvin Bode and R/O Lt Avery J Miller, 548th NFS, Iwo Jima, April 1945
Like 42-5610, this P-61B-1 was the first of two Black Widows to be adorned with this nose art, both of which were assigned to the 548th NFS's Lt. Mel Bode and R/O Lt Avery Miller.
P-61A-11 42-5609 BAT OUTA HELL of Squadron Operations Officer Capt Bill Dames, R/O 2Lt E P D'Andrea and Gunner Sgt R C Ryder, 48th NFS, Kipapa Gulch, Hawaii, October 1944
The first of two BAT OUTA HELLs, this aircraft was one of the first 48th NFS P-61s to receive nose art at Kipapa Gulch. It was subsequently lost in an accident and a second Black Widow so painted, although with slightly different nose art.
P-61A-10 42-5626 Jing-Bow Joy-Ride, crewed by Capt Carl J Absmeier and R/O Lt James R Smith, 426th NFS, Chengtu, China, February 1945
This P-61A-10 was the leading scorer in the 426th, shooting down two 'Lily' bombers. 'Jing Bow' were the Chinese words for 'Air Raid'.
P-61B-6 42-39504 MIDNIGHT MADONNA, flown by both Lt Donald W Weichlein and Lt Frank L Williams, 549th NFS, Saipan, early 1945
Few 549th NFS aircraft received elaborate nose art, this aircraft being the exception.
P-61A-10 42-5623 Sweatin'Wally, flown by Capt Walter A Storck, 427th NFS, Myitkyina, Burma, late 1944
This P-61A-10s was part of a substantial shipment sent to a large reassembly centre in India, prior to being issued to either of the frontline units.
P-61B-6 42-39527 BLIND DATE, flown by Lt Milton Green, 549th NFS, Iwo Jima, early 1945
This aircraft spent most of its combat tenure flying from Iwo Jima after March 1945. Note the attachment points for underwing rocket rails.
P-61B-6 42-39532 First Nighter, flown by Capt Joe Jenkins, 414th NFS, Pontedera, Italy, late 1944
The second P-61 purchased by the Northrop work-ers, it was named by employee A A Johnson.[/color]
[color=orange][size=150]See below (bottom of page) for details[/size][/color]
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[color=orange]B-25C 41-12480/DESE/?7 WARRIOR of Capt Ralph Lower, 81st BS/12th BG, Boiling Field, Washington DC, July 1943
Named DESERT WARRIOR (MOKATELAT EL-SAHARA in Arabic script, which is also featured in the mission tally 'box'), 41-12480 completed 73 combat missions, totalling 191 hours, from Hergla, Tunisia, before it was selected to represent the medium bomb groups equipped with B-25s in the MTO during one of the many US War Bond drives undertaken by the armed forces across America. The veteran bomber was given a Hollywood-style paint job on its nose, including an extremely detailed mission log and campaign map, and sent on its way. Seven hand-picked (and mission expired) crewmembers, representing all four units in the 12th BG, manned 41-12480 during its stateside tour.
B-25H-1 43-4183 of 1Lt Harry Hudson, 81st BS/ 12th BG, Gaudo, Italy, 30 December 1943
Yet to feature bomb icons, crew names and nose art, B-25H-1 43-4183 is represented here as it appeared straight after completing its first mission - an attack on a 500-ft long Axis vessel in the Adriatic, followed by strafing runs on the wharves at Zara, in Yugoslavia. This machine was one of nine B-25s despatched by the 81st BS on this mission, these aircraft being joined by nine Mitchells from the 83rd and six from the 434th. All aircraft returned safely.
B-25H-1 43-4208/ VIKIN'S VICIOUS VIRGIN of Capt Henry Vikin, 82nd BS/12th BG, Gaudo, Italy, 30 December 1943
VIKIN'S VICIOUS VIRGIN participated in a leaflet dropping mission over Atina, Italy, on 30 December 1943, this B-25 being joined by numerous others from the 82nd BS. These propaganda missions were usually flown at an altitude of about 9000 ft.
B-25H-1 43-43811 DOG DAIZEoi 1Lt Jared Miller, 82nd BS/12th BG, Gaudo, Italy, 28 December 1943
On 28 December 1943, 36 B-25s of the 81st, 82nd and 434th BSs (12 aircraft each) bombed the axis landing ground at Ciampino, in Italy. The weather was good and all 36 returned safely, including DOG DAIZE. The colours and markings of this particular B-25H have been applied to the restored Mitchell owned by the New England Air Museum in Connecticut.
B-25C 41-12863 of Capt Doug Spawn, 82nd BS/ 12th BG, Tmed El Clel, Libya, 9 January 1943
Capt Spawn flew this B-25C on numerous occasions during his tour. On 9 January 1943, Spawn and his crew took part in a mixed formation mission with other 12th BG B-25s and Baltimore Ills from the RAF's No 232 Wing, the aircraft bombing the Axis-held Mareth Line, in Tunisia. To the best of the author's knowledge, the late Lt Col Spawn never named his aeroplanes, or had them adorned with nose art.
B-25H-10 43-4909/
[color=orange][size=150]See below (bottom of page) for details[/size][/color]
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[color=orange]Mk IIA P7966/D-B of Wg Cdr Douglas Bader. OC Tangmere Wing, March 1941
This aircraft was one of the first to carry the Wing Leaders initials on the fuselage - it was also a presentation Spitfire, wearing the legend Manxman below the cockpit on its starboard side. At the time Bader was taken prisoner in August 1941 his victory score stood at 20 and 4 shared destroyed, 6 and 1 shared probably destroyed and 11 damaged. Issued initially to No 616 Sqn (part of Bader's Wing), this aircraft later served with Nos 412 and 154 Sqns. It was then spent time with Nos 61 and 52 OTUs in 1942, before crashing the following October whilst serving with the latter unit.
Mk I K9854/QV-W of Flt Lt Wilfred Clouston, No 19 Sqn, Duxford, October 1939
K9854 was damaged in a mid-air collision and the subsequent crash landing in October 1939, being reduced to components following the accident. Clouston went on to fight in the Battle of Britain, and his score reached 9 and 3 shared destroyed, one and one shared probably destroyed and one shared damaged. In 1941 he was posted to Singapore to command a fighter squadron, but was taken prisoner when the fortress fell and spent the rest of the war in captivity
Mk IB R6776/QV-H of Flt Sgt George Unwin, No 19 Sqn, Fowl mere. August 1940
This aircraft was one of the original cannon-armed Spitfire IBs issued to No 19 Sqn for a brief period m the summer of 1940. Unlike the majority of the unit's pilots, who struggled with the reliability of the twin cannon armament in their Mk IBs, Unwin enjoyed some success m this aircraft, claiming a Bf 110 destroyed and another probably destroyed on 16 August, followed by a third Bf 110 confirmed on 3 September. Later modified into a Mk VB. it went on to serve with Nos 92, 316 and 306 Sqns, before being written off in May 1942 after sustaining Category E battle damage on a sweep over France.
Mk 1 P9386/QV-K of Sqn Ldr Brian Lane, OC No 19 Sqn. Fowlmere, September 1940
Lane was flying this aircraft on 7 September when he shot down a Bf 110 of Stab ll./ZG 2 near North Weald - it was also used by No 19 Sqn ace Flt Lt Walter Lawson to down a Bf 110 two days later, and a He 111 on 11 September. After a brief period with No 152 Sqn. the Spitfire went to No 58 OTU in 1941, and continued to perform second line tasks until it was written off in May 1944 whilst serving with No 57 OTU. As this profile shows, P9386 stood out from other Battle of Britain period Spitfires thanks to its non-standard yellow prop spinner - reputedly a hangover from its brief OTU service.
Mk MA P7849/QV-J Armagh of Flt Lt Walter Lawson, No 19 Sqn, Fowlmere. June 1941
Lawson used this aircraft on 27 June to shoot down a Bf 109E confirmed and claim a second EmildS a probable near St Omer - No 19 Sqn's first kills in seven months. Later, the Spitfire was converted into a Mk V, and in November 1942 transferred to the USAAF. Walter 'Farmer' Lawson claimed 6 and 1 shared destroyed, 3 probables and 1 damaged during his 16 months with No 19 Sqn, Given command of the unit in July 1941 following Sqn Ldr Lane's departure, Lawson was posted missing on a sortie to Rotterdam on 28 August.
Mk IIA P7666/EB Z OBSERVER CORPS of Sqn Ldr Donald Finlay, OC No 41 Sqn, Hornchurch, November 1940
Fmlay was flying this aircraft on 23 November when he was credited with the destruction of a Bf 109E near Tonbridge -he got a second Emit over the same area in P7666 four days later. Don Finlay finished the war with 4 and 2 shared destroyed and 3 and 1 damaged, all on Spitfires. P7666 later served with No 54 Sqn, and was shot down by a Bf 109 whilst being flown by Spitfire ace Plt Off Jack Stokoe (7 and 1 shared destroyed, 2 and 1 shared probable, 4 damaged) on 20 April 1941 - he had just downed a Bf 110 prior to falling victim to the JG 51 machine.
Mk I N3173/KL-N of Plt Off Colin Gray, No 54 Sqn, Hornchurch, May 1940
Gray was flying this aircraft over Dunkirk on 25 May 1940 (as described in the textl when he claimed a Bf 109E probably destroyed, but was himself nearly shot down. He brought the Spitfire back to Hornchurch with severe battle damage, and after being repaired it was issued to No 152 Sqn at Warmwell, in Dorset. On 20 September it was being flown by Australian Sgt K C Holland who, after mortally damaging a He 111P of 6./KG 55, made the fatal mistake of closing in on his quarry to check on his aim and was shot down and killed.
Mk I N3183/KL-B KIWI of Plt Off Alan Deere. No 54 Sqn, Hornchurch, May 1940
Deere used this aircraft to shoot down a Bf 109E (24 May) and a Bf 110 125 May) during actions in support of the Dunkirk evacuation, where he was credited with seven victories (plus 1 shared, 1 unconfirmed and 1 damaged) in just five days, The aircraft was shot down by elements of ll./JG 51 in a bitter action over the Channel on 9 July 1940, its pilot. Plt Off A Evershed, being killed - No 54 Sqn lost two other Spitfires in this action, with a second pilot being killed and Al Deere being slightly burnt when he had to force land P9398 near Manston.
Mk I P9389/KL-A of Sqn Ldr James Leathart, OC No 54 Sqn, Hornchurch, May 1940
'Prof Leathart was flying this aircraft on 21 May when he engaged a He 111 near Dunkirk during one of the first engagements by Spitfires over northern France - he was awarded an unconfirmed kill for the Heinkel. Leathart led No 54 Sqn throughout the summer of 1940, and eventually finished the war with a tally of 7 and 1 shared destroyed, 3 and 1 shared unconfirmed. 2 probables and 3 damaged - all bar one of his kills was scored flying Spitfire Mk Is. P9389 was shot down by a Bf 109 during the afternoon of 24 August 1940, its pilot, Kiwi Plt Off C Stewart, baling out at 20,000 ft and landing safely in the Thames Estuary.
Mk I P9554/K-SH of Plt Off James O'Meara, No 64 Sqn, Kenley, August 1940
While flying this aircraft between 12/15 August 1940, O'Meara was credited with three enemy aircraft destroyed (two Bf 109Es and a Ju 88! and three (He 111s) damaged -he finished the war with 11 and 2 shared destroyed, 1 unconfirmed destroyed, 4 probables and 11 and 1 shared damaged. On 16 August the aircraft was flown by No 64 Sqn OC, Sqn Ldr Donald MacDonnell (9 and 1 shared destroyed, 3 unconfirmed destroyed, 1 probable and 7 damaged), who claimed one Bf 109E destroyed, a second as a probable and a third Emit damaged, a half share in a He 111 destroyed and a second Heinkel damaged during action over Kent. Heading back to Hawkinge, his ammunition exhausted, MacDonnell was jumped by a Bf 109 and forced to bale out of P9554.
Mk I K9906/FZ-L of Flt Lt Robert Stanford Tuck. No 65 Sqn, Hornchurch, August 1939
This aircraft later served with No 64 Sqn during the Battle of Britain before being retired to second line duties with No 7 OTU. It was one of a number of Mk Is converted into PR Ills for the photo recce role and issued to No 1 PRU at RAF Benson. Tuck was the first Spitfire ace, scoring his fourth and fifth kills (both Do 17s) over Dunkirk on 24 May 1940.
Mk I N3035/LZ-X of Plt Off Hubert Allen, No 66 Sqn. Kenley. September 1940
'Dizzy' Allen (5 and 3 shared destroyed, 2 and 1 shared probable and 3 and 1 shared damagedl flew this machine on numerous occasions during the summer of 1940, the Spitfire having been delivered to the unit at Duxford in September 1939. It suffered serious damage in a dogfight over Kent on 29 September whilst being flown by Sgt Peter Willcocks, taking ten months to repair. Ironically, the latter lost his life when his Spitfire collided with a similar machine flown by Plt Off Allen during a patrol over Kent on 28 November 1940.
Mk I X4321/LZ-F of Plt Off Crelin Bogle' Bodie. No 66 Sqn, Kenley, September 1940
'Bogle' Bodie (5 and 5 shared destroyed, 1 unconfirmed destroyed, 8 and 2 shared probables, 3 and 1 damaged) made a forced landing in this aircraft on 7 September near Hawkinge following combat with Bf 109s off Dover - It had only flown for the first time just nine days before. Although initially struck off charge as having been too badly damaged, X4321 was sent to Heston Aircraft Limited where repairs were effected. By December 1940 the fighter had been restored to its former glory, and went on to serve with Nos 64 and 303 Sqns, before being issued No 58 OTU. It ended its days with this unit in a flying accident in 1942.
Mk HA P7308/XR-D of Plt Off William Dunn. No 71 Eagle' Sqn. North Weald. August 1941
On 27 August Dunn was flying this aircraft (as part of 100-strong Spitfire escort force for nine Blenheims attacking the steelworks at Lille) when he claimed two Bf 109Fs destroyed (out of an attacking force of 30), making him the first Eagle' squadron pilot to achieve five victories - three on Hurricane Ms - and therefore the first American ace of the war. During the same engagement his own aircraft was hit, losing its right wingtip and having its rudder shot up, whilst Dunn suffered wounds to his foot and right leg - after months in hospital, he went on to fly with the USAAF's 406th FG on P-47Ds. raising his score to 9 destroyed, 3 unconfirmed destroyed and 1 and 1 shared probable. P7308 had served with Nos 74, 54 and 308 Sqns prior to being issued to the Americans in August 1941. It was convened into a Mk VA whilst being repaired, and later served with Nos 133, 421, 164 and 602 Sqns, before ending its days with No 61 OTU in July 1943.
Mk I (serial unknownl/RN-J of Flt Lt Desmond Sheen, No 72 Sqn, Acklington, August 1940
This aircraft wears Des Sheen's distinctive boomerang badge on its cockpit entry hatch. Whilst flying an earlier production Mk I (K9959) emblazoned with this unique marking, the Australian pilot shot down a He 115 on 21 October 1939 and claimed a third of a kill against a He 111 on 7 December that same year - the fighter (and the pilot) was hit during this latter engagement.
Mk I K9953/ZP-A of Flt Lt Adolf Malan, No 74 Sqn, Hornchurch, May/June 1940
Malan was flying this aircraft on 27 May when he claimed a Bf 109E destroyed, two Do 17s damaged and an unconfirmed half kill over a third Dornier bomber near Calais - the final claim was shared with Plt Off P C F Stevenson (2 shared destroyed, 6 unconfirmed destroyed and 5 damaged). He also used K9953 during the remarkable action on the night of 18/19 June, as described in chapter one, when he shot down two He 111s from KG 4. After the Battle of Britain the aircraft went to No 7 OTU, before being passed on to No 57 OTU, where it was wrecked in a collision on 7 October 1943.
Mk MA P8194/DL-M Gold Coast lot Sgt Donald McKay, No 91 Sqn. Hawkinge. April 1941
Flying Spitfire Mk Is and IIAs. McKay was credited with 6 enemy aircraft destroyed and three damaged - his total victory score was 14 enemy aircraft destroyed and 4 damaged. This presentation aircraft later served with Nos 234, 66 and 152 Sqns. After a spell with No 57 OTU. this Spitfire was employed in trials in 1943 with a reversible-pitch propeller to shorten the landing run. It was written off in March 1944.
Mk I R6596/QJ-S of Plt Off Alan Wright. No 92 Sqn. Pembrey, August 1940
Throughout his operational career, Wright's personal aircraft always carried the identification letter'S'. He was flying this aircraft on the night of 14/15 August when he shared in the destruction of a He 111P of 9./KG 27 sent to bomb Cardiff docks. Two of the other three pilots also credited with destroying this bomber were aces with No 92 Sqn - Flt Lt R S Tuck and Plt Off D G Williams (5 and 1 shared destroyed, 1 and 1 unconfirmed destroyed. 2 probables and 6 damaged). Wright's final score was 11 and 3 shared destroyed, 2 'possibly destroyed'. 5 probables and 7 damaged. Aside from the shared He 111, Wright also used R6596 to down a second Heinkel at night on 29 August and a third during the day on 11 September - he also claimed a Bf 109E probable on this latter date. Late in the afternoon of 9 September 1940 Wright was bounced by Bf 109Es whilst patrolling over Biggin Hill, and he only just managed to land the badly damaged R6596 back at base. Following repairs, it spent a few months with No 131 Sqn during 1941, before going to No 52 OTU in October, It was written off whilst with No 57 OTU in April 1944.
Mk I N3249/QJ-P of Sgt Ralph Havercroft, No 92 Sqn. Pembrey, August 1940
Delivered to No 92 Sqn in late December 1939 as one of the first Spitfires issued to the unit as replacements for their Blenheim IFs. this aircraft was damaged during a night landing at Bibury on 31 August, but was repaired and allocated to No 602 Sqn in early November. It was lost whilst serving with this unit in Scotland on 14 February 1941. 'Titch' Havercroft's final score was 3 and 1 shared destroyed, 2 unconfirmed destroyed, 1 and 1 shared probable and 3 damaged.
Mk IB R6908/QJ-F of Flt Lt Brian Kingcome. No 92 Sqn, Biggin Hill. November 1940
One of the first Spitfires to go into service fitted with a mixed cannon and machine gun armament, this aircraft was later converted to Mk V standard. After suffering damage in a low-level engagement over the Channel in one of the first actions involving Bf 109Fs (of Stab./JG 53) on 9 May 1941, R6908 was crash-landed back at Biggin Hill by its wounded pilot, Plt Off Maitland-Thompson, and written off. Brian Kingcome's wartime score was 8 and 3 shared destroyed, 1 shared unconfirmed destroyed, 5 probables and 13 damaged.
Mk I X4036/D-AZ of Plt Off Robert Doe. No 234 Sqn, Middle Wallop, August 1940
Although flown on numerous occasions during the summer of 1940 by Bob Doe. this machine was also used on the afternoon of 18 August by leading No 234 Sqn ace Flg Off Patterson Hughes to down two Bf 109Es (of 1 ./JG 27) off the Isle of Wight. Doe also claimed one Emil destroyed and one damaged during this action, the German fighters attempting to protect a large formation of Ju 87s sent to knock out the CH radar station at Poling, in West Sussex, and several naval airfields on the south coast. X4036 later served with No 66 Sqn in the spring of 1941, before passing to No 52 OTU.
Mk II P8081/DU-R GARFIELD WESTON IV of Flt Lt Adolphe Vybiral, No 312 'Czech' Sqn. Ayr, November 1941
Adolphe Vybiral escaped from Czechoslovakia and |omed the French Air Force, and during the Battle of France was credited with downing seven aircraft whilst flying Curtiss Hawk 75 fighters. He escaped to England and |Oined No 312 Sqn, which he later commanded. Prior to being issued to the Czechs, P8081 had seen service with Nos 222 and 452 Sqns.
Mk I L1004/LO-Q of Sqn Ldr Alexander Sandy' Johnstone, OC No 602 Sqn. Drem. June 1940
Johnstone was flying this aircraft on the night of 25/26 June when he shot down a He 111H-3 of 3./KG 26 near Dunbar. Five days later he was credited with a shared kill (again in L1004) after mortally damaging a l./KG 51 Ju 88. the other pilot involved in the action being Flg Off P Webb (3 and 3 shared destroyed and 5 damaged!. On 3 July he used the machine to damage a Do 17 - Johnstone's finally tally was 7 and 2 shared destroyed, 1 probable and 6 and 1 shared damaged. After a year in the frontline, L1004 spent time with No 58 OTU before being modified into a Mk V in mid-1941. Later still it became the second prototype PR Mk XIII, before being re-configured in early 1944 as the Seafire Mk III prototype.
Mk I L1019/LO-G of Sgt Basil Whall, No 602 Sqn. Westhampnett, August 1940
Whall was flying this aircraft on the afternoon of 18 August when he shot down two Ju 87B-1S of II. and W./StG 77 that had attacked Ford airfield. Whilst attacking the second Stuka, L1019 took hits to the engine from the dive-bomber's rear gunner and Whall was forced to ditch the aircraft in shallow water off Bognor Regis. Basil Whall died from injuries received whilst attempting to crash land battle damaged X4160 following combat with a Ju 88 off Beachy Head on 7 October 1940 - his score then stood at 7 destroyed and 2 shared destroyed and 1 and 1 shared probably destroyed
Mk I X4382/LO-G of Plt Off Osgood Hanbury. No 602 Sqn, Westhampnett, September 1940
Hanbury used X4382 to destroy of a Bf 110 near Beachy Head on 15 September, half a Ju 88 over Tangmere on 21 September and a second Ju 88 on 30 September near Selsey-Bembridge. His final score was 10 and 2 shared, 2 probables and 3 and 2 damaged. In December 1940 X4382 was passed to No 610 Sqn for a few months before becoming an OTU aircraft - it had one final 'fling' in the frontline, however, serving for several weeks with No 412 'Falcon' Sqn, RCAF. in July/August 1941. It was struck off charge in January 1945.
Mk I X4541/LO-M of Sgt Cyril Babbage, No 602 Sqn. Westhampnett, October 1940
Babbage was flying this aircraft on 12 October when he shared in the destruction of a Ju 88A-1 of ll./LG 1 with Canadian Flg Off J S Hart off Beachy Head. Both Spitfires were hit by return fire, however, and X4541 ended up on its back in a field in Sussex following Babbage's forced landing -although the fighter was a write off, the pilot was unhurt. Babbage's final wartime tally was 7 and 1 shared destroyed, 2 and 1 shared probables and 2 damaged.
Mk I L1067/XT-D of Sqn Ldr George Denholm, OC No 603 Sqn, Aberdeen/Dyce. March 1940
Denholm saw considerable action in this Spitfire between March and August 1940, damaging a Do 17 on 17 March, followed by an unconfirmed kill over a He 111 on 26 June, a third of a kill against another 'He 111' (actually a Ju 88) on 3 July and a Bf 109E probable on 28 August. Two days latter he baled out of L1067 following combat with Bf 110Cs of ll./ZG 76 over Deal, but was back in action the following day. Den-holm's final score was 3 and 3 shared destroyed, 1 unconfirmed destroyed, 3 and 1 shared probables and 6 damaged.
Mk I R6835/XT-W of Flg Off Brian Carbury, No 603 Sqn, Hornchurch, August 1940
Possibly the most successful pilot/aircraft combination in Fighter Command in the summer of 1940, Carbury used R6835 to shoot down eight Bf 109Es between 29 August and 2 September, with five of these kills being scored during three patrols flown on 31 August - he had built up to this 'ace in a day' feat by claiming single Emils on the 29th and 30th. During the final combat in the early evening of the 31st, No 603 Sqn tangled with elements of l./JG 3 over the Thames Estuary, and after claiming two Bf 109s Carbury's Spitfire was hit by a 20 mm round which knocked out its compressed air system. Badly damaged by an exploding oxygen bottle, R6835 took ten months to repair, and was finally reissued to No 457 Sqn (RAAF) in June 1941. It then served with various OTUs, before being passed to the Fleet Air Arm in May 1943.
Mk I X4277/XT-M of Flg Off Richard Hillary, No 603 Sqn, Hornchurch
Australian Hillary also met with success on 31 August when he used this aircraft to down a Bf 109 over Dungeness - he had inadvertently formed up with a formation of Emils thinking they were Hurricanes after becoming separated from his own unit! After downing one fighter, he bade a hasty retreat undetected. Hillary scored three more kills over Emils, and claimed one as a probable and one damaged, in X4277 before being shot down in flames m the fighter off Margate on 3 September by Hauptmann Bode of ll./JG 26. Badly burned, Hillary somehow managed to bail out of the stricken fighter and was rescued by the Margate lifeboat. During his many months in hospital recovering from his severe facial burns he wrote The Last Enemy, describing his training, experience in combat and subsequent recovery - upon its release in 1942 it became an instant classic on the Battle of Britain period. His victory score was 5 enemy aircraft destroyed. 2 probably destroyed and 1 damaged, all during the Battle. Hillary was killed in a Blenheim crash on 8 January 1943.
Mk I N3288/XT-H of Plt Off George Gilroy, No 603 Sqn, Biggin Hill, August 1940
Gilroy was also successfully involved m No 603 Sqn's hectic day of action on 31 August, using this fighter to claim a Bf 109 destroyed - the combination had earlier downed an Emil over Kent two days previously. Gilroy's score by war's end stood at 14 and 10 shared destroyed, 2 shared probables, 5 and 4 shared damaged and 3 shared destroyed on the ground. N3288 went on to serve with Nos 609, 65, 145 and 123 Sqns. before being retired to No 58 OTU in November 1941. In February 1943 it became an instructional airframe, and was finally struck off charge in May 1945.
Mk I X4250/XT-X of Sgt Jack Stokoe. No 603 Sqn. Biggin Hill, August 1940
Stokoe also claimed a Bf 109 on the evening patrol over the Thames Estuary on 31 August when he used X4250 to down E-4 Werk-Nr 1503 of 3./JG 3, flown by Oberleutnant W Binder - he was credited with a second Emil as having been probably destroyed. This Spitfire was written off in a forced landing on Folkstone beach on 27 September by South African Plt Off P G Dexter (5 destroyed and 2 probables), who had put the perfectly serviceable fighter down in order to attempt to save his squadron-mate, Plt Off 'Pip' Cardell. The latter had baled out of his battle-damaged Spitfire just offshore, but his parachute had failed to open and he fell to his death.
Mk I P9322/PR-L of Plt Off David Crook, No 609 Sqn, Middle Wallop, July 1940
Crook was flying this aircraft on the evening of 9 July when he shot down a Ju 87B of 1/StG 77 and damaged a second off Portland naval base - his first aerial victories. He was also credited with a shared damage claim against a Do 17 whilst flying the fighter on 13 July. Crook's final score was 5 and 2 shared destroyed, 2 probables and 1 and 1 shared damaged. Shot up by a Bf 110 of V./LG 1 whilst being flown by Plt Off M J Appleby on 8 August off the Isle of Wight. P9322 underwent extensive repairs before being issued to No 61 OTU. The veteran fighter was written off on 15 September 1942 when it broke up in flight near Cardiff.
Mk I R6690/PR-Q of Flg Off John Dundas, No 609 Sqn, Middle Wallop, August 1940
No 609 Sqn's leading ace, John Dundas used this machine on the afternoon of 13 August to down one Ju 87R and damage a second (both from M./StG 2) over Lyme Bay. although the gunner in the latter Stuka managed to knock out R6690's glycol system - Dundas was forced to perform a deadstick landing back at Warmwell. Following a short spell out of action, the Mk I was declared serviceable again later in the month, but was shot down from a height of 20,000 ft just after midday on 15 September whilst attacking a formation of Do 17s over Kenley. Its pilot, Plt Off G N Gaunt, died in the crash.
Mk I R6691/PR-J of Flt Lt Frank Howell, No 609 Sqn. Middle Wallop. August 1940
This particular Mk I was heavily involved in combat with No 609 Sqn during the summer of 1940, being used by Frank Howell (7 and 3 shared destroyed, 2 unconfirmed destroyed. 2 probables, 2 and 1 shared damaged) to destroy a Stuka in the same action that involved R6690. The Howell/R6691 combination also destroyed a Bf 110 on 25 August and a Do 17 on 15 September, as well as probable kills on 7 September -some confusion exists over the claim for 25 August, as Sgt Alan Feary (5 destroyed, 1 shared unconfirmed destroyed, 1 probable and 4 damagedl has also been credited with a Bf 110C-4 (of 1./ZG 21 kill, plus one damaged, in R6691 at the same time! On 25 September, whilst being flown by Flg Off J C Newbery, the aircraft was power dived in order to evade Bf 109s, and in the subsequent recovery suffered distorted wings and a shattered hood. In the cockpit, the pilot's seat collapsed due to the G inflicted on the airframe, and Newbery suffered severe internal injuries. Following repairs, R6691 went on to serve with Nos 616 and 602 Sqns, before being passed to No 58 OTU in June 1941. It was finally written off following a mid-air collision with a another OTU Spitfire Mk V in March 1943.
Mk IIA P8098/PR-Z ENFIELD SPITFIRE of Flt Lt John Curchin, No 609 Sqn. Biggin Hill, May 1941
Although this presentation aircraft was the personal mount of Australian Battle of Britain ace John Curchin (8 and 4 shared destroyed. 1 shared unconfirmed destroyed. 1 probable and 1 damaged), he was actually flying P8264 (see below) when he claimed his only kills (1.5 Bf 109F-2s of l./JG 3) in a Mk MA on 8 May 1941 - P8098 had been involved in this sortie, but was being flown by a Sgt R Boyd. Severely damaged in a forced landing near Manston following combat on 21 May. P8098 underwent extensive repairs before finally being issued to No 130 Sqn in August. Its flying days were ended whilst still in frontline service with the latter unit when it struck a hut during a low altitude beat up of Peranporth airfield in October 1941.
Mk HA P8264/PR-H of Flg Off John Bisdee, No 609 Sqn, Biggin Hill. May 1941
Decorated with the family fleur de lys beneath the cockpit, this aircraft was used by John 'The Bishop' Bisdee (8 and 2 shared destroyed, 4 probables and 3 and 1 shared damaged) to claim a half share against a Bf 109 during Circus 10, flown on 21 May, On this day No 609 Sqn, as part of the Biggin Hill Wing, filled the role of Withdrawal Cover for a formation of Blenheims that had bombed an oil refinery at Bethune. As noted above, John Curchin also met with success whilst flying P8264, although the fighter was damaged by enemy fire in this action. The machine later served with Nos 452 and 131 Sqns, then with OTUs and other second line units, including the Empire Central Flying School, until it was struck off charge in December 1944,
Mk I R6806/DW-N of Flt Lt John Ellis, No 610 Sqn, Biggin Hill, July 1940
No 610 Sqn's most successful pilot of 1940, John Ellis (13 and 1 shared destroyed, 1 shared unconfirmed destroyed, 1 probable and 2 damaged) achieved ace status in this aircraft on 25 July when, during two successive sorties, he claimed the destruction of three Bf 109Es of 11 l./JG 52 off the Dover coast - the German fighters had been flying as escorts for Do 17s sent to bomb coastal convoys. A highly experienced prewar pilot, Ellis assumed command of No 610 Sqn following the death in action of the previous incumbent, Sqn Ldr A T Smith, on the very same day the former had achieved 'ace-dom'. R6806 saw much action in the early stages of the Battle, being damaged in combat with Bf 109s on 12 August, and then written off' in combat on 2 September whilst being flown by No 72 Sqn OC, Sqn Ldr A R Collins - a number of No 610 Sqn's Spitfires (still wearing DW codes) were left behind at Biggin Hill for the newly arrived No 72 Sqn to use following the former unit's posting 'up north' to No 13 Group for a rest. Collins had been shot up in X4105 earlier that day, and somehow managed to coax R6806 back to Croydon, where it was initially considered to be fit only for scrapping. However, after spending nine months on the ground being repaired, it was test flown and issued to No 132 Sqn in July 1941, before being passed to No 52 OTU the following month. It was struck off charge in March 1945.
Mk I P9433/DW-E of Plt Off Constantine Pegge, No 610 Sqn, Biggin Hill, August 1940
Pegge (8 destroyed, 1 probable and 3 damaged) used this aircraft on 12 August to shoot down two Bf 109ES in the Hawkinge/Dover area, his OC, John Ellis, also accounting for an Emil confirmed and a second as a probable during the course of this sortie. Twelve days later the Pegge/P9433 combination claimed another Bf 109E as a probable north of Gravesend. This aircraft had earlier served with No 92 Sqn, and following the Battle of Britain was overhauled, before being operated by No 131 Sqn in September 1941 Soon replaced by a Mk V, R9433 saw out its remaining years with a succession of OTUs and other second line units, before finally being struck off charge in October 1944.
Mk I X4253/N-FY of Sgt Wilfred Duncan-Smith, No 611 Sqn, Rochford, December 1940
Destined to go on and score 17 kills (and numerous probables and damaged claims) in various marks of Spitfire in a long and distinguished career in the frontline, Wilfred Duncan-Smith saw his first action m this Mk I on 29 December when he was credited with a half share in the probable destruction of a Do 17Z from ll./KG 3 near Burnham on Crouch. A Battle of Britain veteran that had served with Nos 266 and 41 Sqns, X4253 was later used as a training tool by a series of second line units.
Mk IIA P7531/L-Z-I of Flt Lt Charles Green, No 421 FK, Hawkinge, November 1940
Charles Green (11 destroyed, 3 and 1 shared probable and 1 damaged) commanded this unique flight, which was assigned the task of tracking incoming enemy formations and reporting on their composition and altitude. It inherited the 'LZ' code letters of No 66 Sqn, from which it formed, but with a square dot separating the two letters. Green was credited with 1 enemy aircraft destroyed and 2 probably destroyed whilst serving with No 421 Flt, although the identity of the Spitfire used to score these kills remains unrecorded. Prior to being issued to the Flight P7531 had been employed in diving trials at RAE Farnborough, and went on to serve with No 91 Sqn when No 421 Flt was expanded into a full squadron in January 1941. The Spitfire was subsequently shot down by l./JG 2's Unteroffizier Amhausend off Ostend whilst on a low-level shipping reconnaissance sortie on the afternoon of 24 April, its pilot. Plt Off Peall, baling out safely.[/color]
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